Integrated Fixed-Film/ Activated Sludge (IFAS) for Refinery and Petrochemical Wastewater Treatment Plant Upgrades
نویسنده
چکیده
Integrated Fixed-Film/Activated Sludge (IFAS) technologies have been gaining wide popularity as an innovative and efficient treatment process for achieving nitrification in refining and petro-chemical wastewater treatment plants. IFAS technologies are sometimes referred to as Hybrid systems as the process combines the benefits of fixed film systems into the suspended growth activated sludge process. Activated sludge not only provides process flexibility but also a high degree of treatment. Fixed film processes are inherently stable and resistant to organic and hydraulic shock loadings. Placing fixed film media into the activated sludge aeration tanks (bio-reactors) combines the advantages of both of these systems. This paper discusses the application of IFAS process at three different refining and petro-chemical wastewater treatment plants. At all of the applications, IFAS technology has proven to provide consistently superior treatment efficiency than a conventional activated sludge treatment process.
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